Role of chromosome in cell division

 Role of chromosome in cell division:

Chromosome bears all the characterics of living organisms. Cell division is necessary for the growth and development of the body and reproduction of an organism. The principal substance of cell division is chromosome. Without chromosome, cell division does not effective i.e cell division is totally dependent on chromosome, the roles of chromosomes in cell division are stated as follows.

(i) During cell division DNA replication takes place in resting stage. It is very important matter for cell division.

(ii) During mitosis one cell divides into two daughter cells with equal number of chromosomes in each cell and move forwards opposite poles. If the chromosomes do not properly distribute the cell division would not be effective.

(iii) During cell division the gene (bear of heredity) is transmitted from parents to offspring through chromosome.

iv) Chromosome plays a vital role in crossing over and mutation for evolution during cell division.

(v) It plays important role in determining male or female baby by sex chromosome.

(vi) It plays important role in cell division, control, and structure formation by synthesizing different types of proteins and enzymes.

(vii) During meiosis-1 cell division the chromosomes divide, as a result the daughter cells get half the number of chromosomes from their mother cell. This cell is called gamet, which unites with another gamet to form zygote. Thus diploid set of chromosomes is maintained constant generation after generation.